Currently, with Vietnam’s investment attraction policies, annual foreign direct investment (FDI) into Vietnam is constantly increasing, after Covid time. According to the report on foreign direct investment in nine months of 2021 of the Ministry of Planning and Investment, as of September 20th, 2021, the total newly registered capital, adjusted and contributed capital to buy shares, purchase capital contribution (GVMCP) of foreign investors reached 22.15 billion USD, up 4.4% over the same period last year 2020. Realized capital of foreign investment projects is estimated at 13.28 billion USD, down 3.5% over the same period in 2020.
However, when entering a new market, especially the business environment of a developing country like Vietnam, foreign company always have to be cautious and should undertake research investment environment and target company for M&A, or business cooperation carefully. Besides socio-cultural factors, the differences in political and legal factors are important issues. In particular, it is really necessary to study policies and legal regulations before investing in order to mitigate risks when operating in the Vietnam market.
Each country has its own policies and independent legal system to manage domestic company as well as foreign company. Therefore, when foreign investors wish to invest in Vietnam, they need to learn about legal policies that affect their expected business activities. Specifically, through the study of laws, economic policies… investors will identify constraints as well as incentives for their expected type of investment. Foreign investors will have more proactive preparation steps and have a basis to consider the benefits and potential risks when making an investment in Vietnam.
Firstly, on the legal system related to investment activities, Vietnam has a fairly complete but complex regulatory legal system. Due to too many types of legal documents being issued, overlapping, inconsistent and inconsistent jurisdictions are quite difficult obstacles for foreign investors when penetrating the Vietnamese market. Therefore, studying the regulatory is necessary and really a big challenge for foreign investors.
Specifically, for the investment, Vietnam law only allows foreign investors to do business in a number of industries that satisfy market access conditions. Therefore, foreign investors need to learn specific regulations on conditions of establishment, capital contribution, capital contribution ratio, etc. to have a plan to prepare capital, and to choose the type of investment in accordance with the regulations of Vietnam law and expected investment scale.
In addition, foreign investors also need to learn about the regulations on the organization of different types of businesses in Vietnam. It will be the basis for foreign investors to determine the level of capital contribution, rights and obligations when participating in investment. From there, foreign investors will have reasonable considerations and considerations in line with the investment plan, avoiding passive situations or the establishment and capital contribution not achieving the set goals before investing.
Second, about policies for foreign investors, investors need to study policies related to tax i.e. corporate income tax rates, tax rates for personal income taxes, and policies. avoid double taxation between Vietnam and other countries in order to comply with tax obligations and ensure its interests in the process of conducting investment in Vietnam.
Furthermore, to ensure cash flow transactions, foreign investors need to have an understanding of Vietnam’s foreign exchange policy. Understanding the bank’s foreign currency buying and selling policies will help foreign investors flexible in implementing project activities. Policies and regulatory understanding in international bidding or bidding or goods or service supply service for state owned company are also matter of concern. Labor policy is also an information that foreign investors need to know to ensure that the recruitment and payment of salaries and benefits are consistent with the policies of the state. Economic and financial policies are regulated by the State in each period such as policy on funding or lending capital, tax policy of the State, economic policy on foreign relations, foreign policy.
Policies, laws and politics have a great influence on investment activities in Vietnam. Through legislation, the state institutionalizes economic undertakings and policies into law, with provisions that are universally binding for all business activities. The legal regulations and policies related to foreign investors in Vietnam are very complicated and changing over different periods. Therefore, before investing in Vietnam, investors need to learn, check the information and the authenticity of the information collected to ensure the authenticity and validity of those regulations and policies.
Finding the right business partner in Vietnam is also important. We recommend doing research on the reputation of the company and individual shareholders, corporate or individual, gathering publicly available company information, and performing background checks on key personnel to find potential risks in cooperation. Working with a reliable partner can help achieve economic benefits, saving time and money in business.